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AI agent frameworks: the tech stack of 81 real products

Libraries and SDKs for building agents and LLM apps — orchestration, tools, multi-agent.

What sets them apart

Picks at least twice as common here as among products overall, in decisions at least 10 of them show.

LiteLLMLLM API3.2×as often as overall20 of the AI agent frameworks that show LLM API (29%)Qwen APILLM API3.1×as often as overall5 of the AI agent frameworks that show LLM API (7%)SQLiteDatabase3.0×as often as overall18 of the AI agent frameworks that show database (36%)GitHub PagesHosting2.6×as often as overall10 of the AI agent frameworks that show hosting (34%)Mistral AILLM API2.6×as often as overall11 of the AI agent frameworks that show LLM API (16%)WeaviateVector Database2.5×as often as overall8 of the AI agent frameworks that show vector database (24%)

The typical stack

The leading pick where at least 8 of them show the decision and the leader has at least a quarter of it.

DecisionMost common pickShareAt default usage
LLM APIOpenAI API64 of 69 · 93%$10/mo · GPT-6 Luna
DatabasePostgreSQL32 of 50 · 64%—
Backend FrameworkFastAPI38 of 49 · 78%—
Frontend FrameworkReact37 of 49 · 76%—
AI SDK & Agent FrameworkLangChain21 of 39 · 54%—
Vector DatabaseQdrant20 of 33 · 61%$103/mo · Standard (3 nodes, 0.5 vCPU / 4 GiB each)
HostingGitHub Pages10 of 29 · 34%—
Database Access & ORMsSQLAlchemy20 of 26 · 77%—
Transactional EmailResend14 of 19 · 74%$20/mo · Pro 50k
LLM Observability & EvalsLangfuse7 of 17 · 41%$29/mo · Core
File StorageAmazon S37 of 14 · 50%$11/mo · S3 Standard (US East)
Product AnalyticsPostHog14 of 14 · 100%$0/mo · Pay-as-you-go
Web AnalyticsPlausible Analytics5 of 12 · 42%$19/mo · Starter 100k
AuthenticationClerk4 of 10 · 40%$0/mo · Hobby
Background Jobs & CronTemporal3 of 8 · 38%$5.50/mo · Developer (pay as you go)

Monthly bills add up to about $197 at the calculators' default usage, list prices. Set your own usage →

What they chose, decision by decision

Among the AI agent frameworks that show each choice, from makers' products and open-source code alike.

LLM API69 products
OpenAI API64 · 93%Claude45 · 65%Gemini API31 · 45%LiteLLM20 · 29%
Database50 products
PostgreSQL32 · 64%SQLite18 · 36%MongoDB13 · 26%Supabase10 · 20%
Backend Framework49 products
FastAPI38 · 78%Express13 · 27%Hono8 · 16%Flask3 · 6%
Frontend Framework49 products
React37 · 76%Next.js22 · 45%React Router17 · 35%Astro6 · 12%
AI SDK & Agent Framework39 products
LangChain21 · 54%AI SDK15 · 38%LangGraph10 · 26%LlamaIndex9 · 23%
Vector Database33 products
Qdrant20 · 61%pgvector12 · 36%Chroma12 · 36%Milvus9 · 27%
Hosting29 products
GitHub Pages10 · 34%Amazon Web Services6 · 21%Cloudflare5 · 17%Netlify4 · 14%
Database Access & ORMs26 products
SQLAlchemy20 · 77%Drizzle ORM5 · 19%Sequelize2 · 8%Prisma1 · 4%
Transactional Email19 products
Resend14 · 74%SendGrid6 · 32%Postmark2 · 11%Nodemailer1 · 5%
LLM Observability & Evals17 products
Langfuse7 · 41%LangSmith4 · 24%Arize Phoenix2 · 12%DeepEval2 · 12%
File Storage14 products
Amazon S37 · 50%MinIO6 · 43%Vercel Blob2 · 14%
Product Analytics14 products
PostHog14 · 100%
Web Analytics12 products
Plausible Analytics5 · 42%Vercel Web Analytics3 · 25%Google Analytics3 · 25%Cloudflare Web Analytics1 · 8%
Authentication10 products
Clerk4 · 40%Auth.js3 · 30%Supabase1 · 10%Better Auth1 · 10%
Background Jobs & Cron8 products
Temporal3 · 38%Celery3 · 38%pg-boss1 · 13%RabbitMQ1 · 13%

Small samples, fewer than 8 products: Error Monitoring (Sentry 6) · Image & Video Hosting (sharp 6) · Payments (Stripe 5, Autumn 1) · Lifecycle Email (Loops 5)

AI agent frameworks we track

38 makers' products and 43 open-source projects. Makers' products first.

NotteBuild and deploy reliable browser agents at scale+3
ThesysC1 is an API that makes LLM responses come back as interactive UI components such as charts, forms and cards instead of plain text. For developers building AI applications.+1
VoltAgentBuild TS AI agents with n8n-style observability+1
Lamatic.aiLamatic is a platform for building AI agents in a visual editor and deploying them as serverless APIs, with a built-in vector database, tracing and evaluations. It is for development teams shipping agent features.
Superexpert.AIOpen-source platform for enterprise AI agents, web-first.
GraphBitGraphBit is an open-source framework for building AI agents, with a Rust core and a Python API. It is for developers building multi-agent workflows.
WordwareWeb-based IDE for building LLM applications, where prompts written in natural language are combined with loops, logic and function calls. For cross-functional teams building AI apps.
FinyuusA code-first language for durable, governed AI workflows
Conva.AIBuild an AI Assistant for your App in 1 click
LyzrPrivate Agent SDKs to build Generative AI Applications
CrowMake your product AI-native via AI Copilot
tamboGenerative UI SDK for React+18
agentfieldBuild, run and scale AI agents like API and microservices+15
hatchet🪓 An orchestration engine for background tasks, AI agents, and durable workflows+7
ag2AG2 (formerly AutoGen): The Open-Source AgentOS.Join us at: https://discord.gg/sNGSwQME3x+4
workflowWorkflow SDK: Build durable, reliable, and observable apps and AI Agents in TypeScript+16
ag-uiAG-UI: the Agent-User Interaction Protocol. Bring Agents into Frontend Applications.+12
eveThe Open Framework for Building Agents+8
omnigentOmnigent is an open-source AI agent framework and meta-harness: orchestrate Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, Pi, and custom agents — swap harnesses without rewriting, enforce policies and sandboxing, and c+8
pyspurA visual playground for agentic workflows: Iterate over your agents 10x faster+8
ruflo🌊 The original agent harness. Deploy intelligent multi-player swarms, coordinate autonomous workflows, and build conversational AI systems. Features adaptive memory, self-learning intelligence, feder+8
dynamiqDynamiq is an orchestration framework for agentic AI and LLM applications+7
eidolonThe first AI Agent Server, Eidolon is a pluggable Agent SDK and enterprise ready, deployment server for Agentic applications+7
Vision-AgentsOpen Vision Agents by Stream. Build voice and vision agents quickly with any model or video provider. Uses Stream's edge network for ultra-low latency.+4
griptapeModular Python framework for AI agents and workflows with chain-of-thought reasoning, tools, and memory. +3
lightspeedDeterministic agent harness for Temporal (in Rust)+3
agent-squadFlexible and powerful framework for managing multiple AI agents and handling complex conversations+2
axflowThe TypeScript framework for AI development+2
superduperSuperduper: End-to-end framework for building custom AI applications and agents.+1
melleaMellea is a library for writing generative programs.
pipelexDeclarative language for composable Al workflows. Devtool for agents and mere humans.
FrontierAgent🧩 FrontierAgent, our agent framework, open-sourced alongside it — native command-line TUI, ReAct and Agent Team modes, one command on macOS and Linux, no preinstall, no hard Docker dependency.
parlantBuild reliable customer-facing AI agents with Parlant: an interaction control harness optimized for controlled, consistent, and predictable LLM interactions.
AutoChainAutoChain: Build lightweight, extensible, and testable LLM Agents
agentaoLocal-first, governed AI agent runtime for Python — embed it in your app, or run it as a CLI or ACP server. Permissions, MCP, memory and audit replay built in.
CopilotKitThe Frontend Stack for Agents & Generative UI. React, Angular, Mobile, Slack, and more. Makers of the AG-UI Protocol+28
rocketride-serverHigh-performance AI pipeline engine with a C++ core and 50+ Python-extensible nodes. Build, debug, and scale LLM workflows with 13+ model providers, 8+ vector databases, and agent orchestration, all f+22
beeai-frameworkBuild production-ready AI agents in both Python and Typescript.+17
camel🐫 CAMEL: The first and the best multi-agent framework. Finding the Scaling Law of Agents. https://www.camel-ai.org+16
elizaOpen source agentic operating system+15
bishengBISHENG is an open LLM devops platform for next generation Enterprise AI applications. Powerful and comprehensive features include: GenAI workflow, RAG, Agent, Unified model management, Evaluation, SF+13
PraisonAIPraisonAI 🦞 — Hire a 24/7 AI Workforce. Stop writing boilerplate and start shipping autonomous self-improving agents that research, plan, code, and execute tasks. Deployed in 5 lines of code with bui+12
AdalFlowAdalFlow: The library to build & auto-optimize LLM applications.+9
app-controllerApp-Controller: Allow users to manipulate your App with natural language+9
LangBotProduction-grade platform for building agentic IM bots - 生产级多平台智能机器人开发平台/ Agent、知识库编排、插件系统 / Bots for Discord / Slack / LINE / Telegram / WeChat(企业微信, 企微智能机器人, 公众号) / 飞书 / 钉钉 / QQ / Matrix e.g. Integr+8
team-of-ai-agentsOpen-source framework to make AI agents' team collaboration as effective as human collaboration.+7
agent-frameworkA framework for building, orchestrating and deploying AI agents and multi-agent workflows with support for Python and .NET.+6
evolving-agentsYour toolkit for autonomous, evolving agent ecosystems. Create, execute, govern, and evolve agents that learn from experience, collaborate, build new capabilities, and operate safely within defined gu+5
BinduBindu: The identity, communication, and payments layer for AI agents.+4
MetaGPT🌟 The Multi-Agent Framework: First AI Software Company, Towards Natural Language Programming+4
ragbitsBuilding blocks for rapid development of GenAI applications +4
wavefront🔥🔥🔥 Enterprise AI middleware, alternative to unifyapps, n8n, lyzr+4
hiveMulti-Agent Harness for Production AI+3
chainlitBuild Conversational AI in minutes ⚡️+2
Hermes AgentAn open-source agent that grows with you — learns your projects, builds its own skills, and reaches you wherever you are. By Nous Research.+2
minion-agentA simple agent framework that's capable of browser use + mcp + auto instrument + plan + deep research + more+2
agentosGive agents an operating system as a library. Runs in your existing backend – no sandboxes, VMs, or SaaS. Powered by WebAssembly & V8 isolates.+1
mcp-agentBuild effective agents using Model Context Protocol and simple workflow patterns+1
ten-framework Open-source framework for conversational voice AI agents+1
dapr-agentsBuild autonomous, resilient and observable AI agents with built-in workflow orchestration, security, statefulness and telemetry.
autocontexta recursive self-improving harness designed to help your agents (and future iterations of those agents) succeed on any task
RasaGPT💬 RasaGPT is the first headless LLM chatbot platform built on top of Rasa and Langchain. Built w/ Rasa, FastAPI, Langchain, LlamaIndex, SQLModel, pgvector, ngrok, telegram
vocode-core🤖 Build voice-based LLM agents. Modular + open source.
agentpoolA unified agent orchestration hub that lets you configure and manage multiple AI agents (native, ACP, AGUI, Claude Code) via YAML, and exposes them through standardized protocols (ACP/OpenCode Server)
agentsA framework for building realtime voice AI agents 🤖🎙️📹
fast-agentCode, Build and Evaluate agents - excellent Model and Skills/MCP/ACP/A2A Support
golemGolem Cloud is the agent-native platform for building AI agents and distributed applications that never lose state, never duplicate work, and never require you to build infrastructure.
IoAAn open-source framework for collaborative AI agents, enabling diverse, distributed agents to team up and tackle complex tasks through internet-like connectivity.
langstreamBuild robust LLM applications with true composability 🔗
ROMARecursive-Open-Meta-Agent v0.1 (Beta). A meta-agent framework to build high-performance multi-agent systems.
piAI agent toolkit: unified LLM API, agent loop, TUI, coding agent CLI
waku-agentWaku Waku! Waku Agent is a local-first AI agent harness you actually own, including loop, memory, eval, all in code built to stay legible as it grows.
bolnaEnd-to-end platform for building voice first multimodal agents
owl🦉 OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automation