PostgreSQL

Open-source relational database with SQL, transactions, JSON and a large extension ecosystem (PostGIS, pgvector).

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PostgreSQL is a relational database server: you define tables with types and constraints, query them with SQL, and it keeps data consistent through crashes and concurrent writes. It has been in development since 1986 at Berkeley and ACID-compliant since 2001.

The model to understand: one server process (the postmaster) listens for connections and starts a separate backend process for each client, which parses, plans and runs that client's queries. Clients talk to it over the PostgreSQL wire protocol, either through the C library libpq, which many language drivers wrap, or through independent implementations such as the Java JDBC driver.

What a small team gets in one database: all SQL-standard isolation levels including serializable, json and jsonb columns with indexing, built-in full-text search, many index types (GIN, GiST, BRIN and more), foreign data wrappers for querying other systems, and extensions such as PostGIS. Streaming replication keeps hot standbys in sync, and logical replication publishes changes table by table. It is free under a liberal license similar to BSD or MIT, and runs on all major operating systems.

Limits to know when running it yourself: each connection is a full server process, and the connection limit usually defaults to 100 and can only be changed by restarting the server. PostgreSQL does not include software that detects a failed primary and promotes a standby; that needs outside tools. Major-version upgrades need a dump and restore or pg_upgrade.

Where it fits

Who uses it

74 makers' products, each linked to the source that shows it, and 542 open-source projects that declare it in their code.

The maker says so 74Declared in code 543How evidence is collected →
SupabasePostgres-based backend: database, auth, storage, realtime and edge functions in one proj…

“At its core, Supabase is backed by Postgres, the gold standard for robust, reliable, and scalable databases.”

DatabaseMaker says so +1 · source ↗
Dodo PaymentsMerchant of record for SaaS, AI and digital products, with usage-based billing.

“Our primary database, offering strong consistency and robust transaction support.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
PrismaTypeScript ORM with a schema file and generated client; also offers hosted Prisma Postgr…

“Built on PostgreSQL. Prisma Postgres is our managed DB hosting for agents and TypeScript apps.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
ByteroverFile-based memory for agents with >92% retrieval accuracy

“Reliable database storing memory data with full-stack integration for user management.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
WarestackEngineering delivery governance for GitHub organizations

“PGVector's native vector operations with PostgreSQL's ACID compliance works perfectly. We're storing millions of embeddings with sub-millisecond similarity search using cosine distance. The async connection pooling handles concurrent connections, while the vector indexing makes our query super fast. Having vector search, full-text search, and relational data in one database eliminates the complexity of managing multiple data stores.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
SongstatsMobile-first Streaming Insights | Real-time Playlist Alerts | Track your Streams, Follow…

“Our tech stack combines React / React Native for the front, sitting on top of a Rails backend and a PostgreSQL database.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
JustPaidAutonomous AI for billing, contracts, and collections.

“Postgres is rock-solid and scales with us effortlessly. Its reliability and ecosystem make it a no-brainer over other databases.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
Superexpert.AIOpen-source platform for enterprise AI agents, web-first.

“Superexpert.AI uses this database -- used the pgvector extension to support vector embeddings in the database.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
NeonServerless Postgres with branching and scale-to-zero.

“The best relational database out there. Loved by developers worldwide.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
SkarbeAI email inbox for founders and others who do sales part-time; an assistant tracks conve…

“PostgreSQL is our go-to database because of its reliability, scalability, and powerful support for structured data, making it ideal for managing and syncing customer data across multiple platforms.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
IncertoThe AI Copilot for Databases

“Postgres was the second database we added, and honestly, it needs no introduction. This OSS RDBMS is massive, reliable, and just incredible to work with.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗
LayerBrain-Inspired Planner

“PostgreSQL serves as our primary database, offering powerful SQL querying and reliable data storage for managing structured data and transactions.”

DatabaseMaker says so · source ↗

Open source: a project that declares PostgreSQL as a dependency in its public code — verifiable, but not necessarily a live product.

What makers say

51 makers on why they use PostgreSQL, in their own words on Product Hunt.

Postgres stands out thanks to its rock‑solid reliability and rich feature set—think advanced indexing, robust JSON support, and strong concurrency. It’s open source, highly scalable, and keeps our data queries speedy without locking us into proprietary models. Alternatives Considered: MySQL: Popular, but we preferred Postgres’s deeper JSON and indexing capabilities. MongoDB: Excellent for flexible schemas, but we needed the reliability of SQL. MariaDB: Similar to MySQL, but Postgres’s community and extension ecosystem won us over.
QibbleSep 2026 ↗
Postgres stands out thanks to its rock‑solid reliability and rich feature set—think advanced indexing, robust JSON support, and strong concurrency. It’s open source, highly scalable, and keeps our data queries speedy without locking us into proprietary models. Alternatives Considered: MySQL: Popular, but we preferred Postgres’s deeper JSON and indexing capabilities. MongoDB: Excellent for flexible schemas, but we needed the reliability of SQL. MariaDB: Similar to MySQL, but Postgres’s community and extension ecosystem won us over.
QibbleMar 2025 ↗
PGVector's native vector operations with PostgreSQL's ACID compliance works perfectly. We're storing millions of embeddings with sub-millisecond similarity search using cosine distance. The async connection pooling handles concurrent connections, while the vector indexing makes our query super fast. Having vector search, full-text search, and relational data in one database eliminates the complexity of managing multiple data stores.
WarestackSep 2026 ↗
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source relational database system known for its robustness, extensibility, and SQL compliance. It's ideal for developers needing a reliable, scalable database solution with advanced features and strong community support.
ScrapInSep 2026 ↗
PostgreSQL is our go-to database because of its reliability, scalability, and powerful support for structured data, making it ideal for managing and syncing customer data across multiple platforms.
SkarbeSep 2026 ↗

Loved and watch-outs

Themes that recur in makers' words and Hacker News comments, each linked to what it summarises, with how Product Hunt tags its reviews.

Most loved
  • It is rock-solid, keeps data consistent with strong transactions, and handles complex relational queries well. PHPH 2PH 3PH 4
  • With pgvector, embeddings live next to relational data, so AI features need no separate vector database. PHPH 2PH 3PH 4
  • Extensions and features like PostGIS, JSON support and advanced indexing cover geospatial and semi-structured data too. PHPH 2PH 3
  • Being open source and offered by dozens of hosts, it avoids lock-in, and pg_dump makes switching providers easy. PHPH 2PH 3PH 4
Watch-outs
  • Built-in full-text search lacks corpus-wide relevance ranking like BM25 and can need very large indexes. HNHN 2
  • It has no loose index scan, so SELECT DISTINCT over large tables needs manual workarounds. HNHN 2
  • Timestamp versus timestamptz and AT TIME ZONE behavior are easy to get wrong, with edge-case bugs around daylight saving. HNHN 2HN 3
On Product Hunt 5.0★ · 77 reviews
reliability 18performance 10scalability 10advanced features 8open source 8advanced indexing 4pgvector extension 4extensibility 3
Read the reviews on Product Hunt ↗

Who switches

Public pull requests on GitHub since Oct 2024 whose title says "X to Y" — real code changes moving a project from one tool to another, by developers in general. Open a row to see the pull requests.

Supabase → PostgreSQL48+ PRs
MongoDB → PostgreSQL46 PRs
Neon → PostgreSQL29 PRs
Firebase → PostgreSQL15 PRs
Turso → PostgreSQL10 PRs
PostgreSQL → Neon41 PRs
PostgreSQL → Supabase29+ PRs
PostgreSQL → MongoDB23 PRs
PostgreSQL → Firebase6 PRs
PostgreSQL → Turso4 PRs

Alternatives to PostgreSQL

All alternatives by situation →

Questions makers ask about PostgreSQL

How long is each version supported?

A new major version comes out about once a year, and each major version is supported for five years. Minor releases with bug and security fixes ship at least every three months. source ↗

How do I upgrade to a new major version?

Major versions change the on-disk format of system tables, so you either dump and reload, or use pg_upgrade, which reuses the existing data files and avoids a full dump and restore. Minor upgrades only need new binaries and a restart. source ↗

Can PostgreSQL store JSON?

Yes. There are two types, json, which keeps the exact input text, and jsonb, which stores a decomposed binary form that is faster to process and can be indexed. A jsonpath type supports queries into documents. source ↗

Does it have built-in full-text search?

Yes. Full-text search finds natural-language documents matching a query and can rank them by relevance, going well beyond LIKE and regex operators. source ↗

How many connections can it handle?

max_connections usually defaults to 100 and can only be changed at server start; raising it increases shared memory and other resources, because every connection gets its own backend process. source ↗

Does PostgreSQL fail over automatically?

Not on its own. It can keep warm or hot standbys current through WAL shipping or streaming replication, but it does not provide the software that detects a failed primary and promotes a standby; external tools do that. source ↗

Can I replicate only some tables to another database?

Yes. Logical replication uses a publish and subscribe model, replicating chosen tables and their changes by primary key, and subscribers can re-publish for cascading setups. source ↗

Is PostgreSQL free?

Yes — it is free, open-source software.

Is PostgreSQL open source or self-hostable?

Open source, and you can self-host it. source ↗

Can AI coding agents work with PostgreSQL?

Replit set it up natively.

Who uses PostgreSQL?

74 makers' products we track, each with a source, and 542 open-source projects declare it in their code. source ↗